Variable Declaration

Declaring a Variable

With a Value

var x: Integer = 1;
print(x); // 1

The type of a variable can be optionally be ignored.

var x = 1;
print(x); // 1

Without a Value

If you don't specify a value, the variable defaults to Null.

var x: Integer;
print(x); // null

Assigning a Variable

var x: Integer = 1;
print(x); // 1
x = 2;
print(x); // 2

x = "Invalid type"; // Error

Declaring a Function

Block

function add(a: Number, b: Number) -> Number {
    print("Adding");
    return a + b;
}

print(add(1, 1));     // 2
print(add(1.5, 1));   // 2.5
print(add(1, 1.5));   // 2.5
print(add(1.5, 1.5)); // 3.0

In-Line

function add(a: Number, b: Number) -> Number => a + b;

print(add(1, 1));     // 2
print(add(1.5, 1));   // 2.5
print(add(1, 1.5));   // 2.5
print(add(1.5, 1.5)); // 3.0

Declaring a Class

Constructors

class Person {
    function init(name: String, age: Integer) -> Null {
        print(name + " is " + age.toString() + " years old.");
    }
}

Superclasses

class BaseClass {
    function baseMethod() -> Null {
        print("Base Method");
    }
}

class SuperClass extends BaseClass {

}

class SuperClassOverride extends BaseClass {
    function baseMethod() -> Null {
        super.baseMethod(); // Base Method
        print("Super Method");
    }
}

var baseClass = BaseClass();
var superClass = SuperClass();
var superClassOverride = SuperClassOverride();

baseClass.baseMethod(); // Base Method

superClass.baseMethod(); // Base Method

superClassOverride.baseMethod(); // Base Method & Super Method

print(BaseClass() instanceof BaseClass); // true

print(BaseClass() instanceof SuperClass); // false

print(SuperClass() instanceof BaseClass); // true

print(SuperClass() instanceof SuperClass); // true

Abstraction

abstract class Person {
    abstract function getGender() -> String;
}

class Male extends Person {
    function getGender() -> String {
        return "Male";
    }
}

var male = Male();
print(male.getGender());

Fields

class Person {
    var name: String;
    var age: Integer;

    function init(name: String, age: Integer) -> Null {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
}

Methods

class Calculator {
    function add(a: Number, b: Number) -> Number {
        return a + b;
    }
}

var calc = Calculator();

print(calc.add(1, 1));     // 2
print(calc.add(1.5, 1));   // 2.5
print(calc.add(1, 1.5));   // 2.5
print(calc.add(1.5, 1.5)); // 3.0